In a 6-month RCT, 107 individuals who were overweight and at moderate or high risk of T2D were randomized to either an energy-restricted diet, including 70 g/d of peanuts or an energy-restricted low-fat diet, which showed no significant differences between groups in regard to HbA1c, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, 2 h glucose, and HOMA-IR [52]. This evidence concerns the gene INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus.