PNPLA3 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: Figure 1 shows the groups of metabolites associated with NAFLD. The PNPLA3 variant was associated with several metabolite groups, whereas the TM6SF2 and GCKR variants were mainly associated with glycerolipids and glycerophospholipids and the PPP1R3B variant with steroids, amino acids, and glycerophospholipids.