FADS1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: It was reported that FADS1-3 and CERS4 genetic variants with specific minor alleles (Figure 7) are associated with downregulated sphingolipids [28,33] whereas PDXDC1 and FADS2 upregulated phosphatidylcholine (Figure 7) [28], which contributes to promoting T2D pathophysiology [33,38].