Anti-MDA5 Ab levels were significantly associated with ADs (mean ± SDM, 4.4 ± 2.4 vs. 4.0 ± 4.2, p = 0.0001), emphysema (4.1 ± 1.9 vs. 4.0 ± 4.2, p = 0.0273) and CLD (4.4 ± 3.3 vs. 4.0 ± 4.2, p = 0.0018). This evidence concerns the gene IFIH1 and pulmonary emphysema.