In general, risk factors for hyperkalemia include acute kidney injury (AKI), cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and a history of coronary heart disease or stroke; lower eGFR use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi), angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB), or potassium-sparing diuretics; and non-use of thiazide or loop diuretics. Here, ACE is linked to acute kidney injury.