lncRNA influences the expression of mRNAs in the intestine tissues of neonatal NEC by upregulating expression levels of IL-6, IL-1β and TLR4 after LPS exposure, which induces activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/serine-threonine kinase (PI3K-AkT) signaling pathways, suggesting that lncRNA contributes to NEC pathogenesis [51]. This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and necrotizing enterocolitis.