TNF and necrotizing enterocolitis: Overexpression of micro-431 (miR-431) in the intestinal tissues of neonatal NEC results in significantly inhibited FOXA1 and HNF4A and increased pro-inflammatory (e.g., interleukins IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, LGR5, tumor necrosis factor-α; TNF-α and PRKCZ) gene expression in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation [50].