Previous reports have shown that HBP is involved in hyperglycemia-induced production of transforming growth factor (TGF-β1), with the rate-limiting enzyme GFAT, and that TGF-β1 mediates hyperglycemia-induced mesangial and tubular matrix formation, further accelerating the process of nephrosclerosis in DN [37]. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is liver dysplastic nodule.