Registries of patients with IPF with extended follow-up are necessary to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of these IPF treatments in the real-world setting, and could assist in the design of future studies with new experimental drugs for IPF (such as pamrevlumab, pentraxin-2, autotaxin inhibitors, galectin-3 inhibitors, phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors, HSP90 inhibitors, NLRP3 inhibitors, etc.)[38,39,40]. Here, ENPP2 is linked to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.