Similar results were reported in a prospective study with a nearly 5-year follow-up period that included patients (no. 780) with early-stage of HF and HF with preserved ejection; lower 25-OHD concentrations at baseline were related to the worse clinical outcome (p ≤ 0.002), reduced exercise capacity (p ≤ 0.001) and higher NT-proBNP values (p ≤ 0.0023). Here, NPPB is linked to hydrops fetalis.