In vitro studies have linked hypovitaminosis D with elevated TNF-α levels and decreased IL-10 concentrations, suggesting an immunomodulatory effect and anti-inflammatory response of vitamin D. Furthermore, it is known that hypovitaminosis D causes hypocalcemia that stimulates parathyroid hormone secretion, another risk factor currently investigated for its involvement in cardiovascular diseases [24,25,26]. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and rickets.