MMP9 and cancer: The cancer cells treated with the extract also promoted the downregulation of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8), the inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9, and the activation of the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP), all of which contribute to the extract’s inhibitory activity against cancer angiogenesis [31].