The available literature data suggest that different plant-based dietary components such as phenols, flavonoids, lignans, terpenoids, and alkaloids could prevent CRC development by targeting several molecular mechanisms such as the P53, JAK/STAT, PI3K/AKT, and ERK/MAPK pathways and affecting tumour behaviour through PTMs’ modulation in cell lines and murine models. This evidence concerns the gene MAPK1 and neoplasm.