INS and diabetes mellitus: Secondly, although ICAs and GADAs are commonly used in clinical studies, it would be more effective to examine other autoimmune markers—including insulinoma-associated antigen-2 (IA-2A), insulin autoantibodies (IAA), and autoantibodies Zinc transporter 8 autoantibodies (ZnT8A)—which could be used to predict early autoimmune T1D and to determine the type of diabetes [32].