Monoclonal antibodies against immune checkpoints such as programmed death-1/-ligand 1 (PD-1/L1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) have shown impressive efficacy in the metastatic setting of RCC, changing the first-line therapeutic algorithm [29,30]. The gene discussed is CTLA4; the disease is renal cell carcinoma.