MTOR and epilepsy: These epilepsy driver genes included those involved in GABAergic, cholinergic, glutamatergic, and dopaminergic synapses; mTOR signaling, MAPK signaling, and numerous metabolic pathways; and lysosomes, as well as those encoding various ligand-gated and voltage-gated ion channels and transcription factors (Figure 1B, Table 1), indicating the complex, polygenic, and heterogeneous nature of epilepsy.