BSG and hepatocellular carcinoma: As common biological macromolecules, monoclonal antibodies have had a particularly important pharmaceutical, commercial value over the past several decades [4], such as acting as an antibody–drug conjugate in the combination of CD147 monoclonal antibodies (CD147 mAb) and camptothecin polyphosphoester nanoparticles to effectively and precisely target hepatocellular carcinoma cells, improving the clinical, therapeutic effect on tumors [5].