CCL2 and acute respiratory distress syndrome: Therefore, this study was designed to (a) determine the role of CaV channels in TNF-α-induced CCL-2 and IL-6 secretion from human pulmonary endothelial cells, two key inflammatory cytokines involved in the development of ALI [12,13], (b) explore the potential of counteracting Ca2+ influx-dependent inflammatory cytokine secretion via pharmacological Em hyperpolarization, and (c) establish the intracellular signaling mechanisms and PPI networks that confer such protection.