Such gene sets include the most strongly ALS-associated gene set in our analysis, the BioCarta CSK pathway (FDR = 0.009), which is implicated in the inhibition of T-cell receptor signaling and T-cell activation, BioCarta VIP (vasoactive intestinal peptide) (FDR = 0.049) and CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4) (FDR = 0.054). The gene discussed is VIP; the disease is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.