IFNA1 and tuberculosis: Ward et al. and Bax et al. demonstrated that patients with IFN-γ receptor signaling deficiencies who failed conventional TB antimycobacterial chemotherapy (consisting of isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide) or had recurrent disease benefited from inhaled or subcutaneous coadministration of IFN-α in addition to standard TB antimycobacterial chemotherapy [151,152].