Administration in IL10−/− mice of two commonly used food emulsifiers, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) or polysorbate-80 (P80), both reduced microbial diversity, but, in particular, promoted the abundance of Akk, colitis, and metabolic syndrome, which may have triggered an excessive immune response, thereby disrupting mucus secretion and causing intestinal barrier damage in the IL10−/− mice, demonstrating that Akk is involved in promoting disease progression in some specific situations [189]. The gene discussed is IL10; the disease is metabolic syndrome.