While the overall common myeloid progenitor (CMP, CD34+CD38−) population was not significantly different between MDS and healthy specimens within this small sample size, stratification by risk showed that LR samples were significantly higher than healthy and HR samples (Figure 2G), similar to our observations that circulating ox-mtDNA is higher in lower risk specimens [19] and those of others showing TLR9 reduction during progression to transformation [27]. The gene discussed is CD38; the disease is myelodysplastic syndrome.