In the current study, NOX1, NOX2, and NOX4 expression and expression of cytosolic subunits NoxO1, p22phox, p47phox, and p67phox were upregulated in STZ-induced DKD mice and HG-treated human GECs and significantly reduced as a result of febuxostat treatment. The gene discussed is NOX1; the disease is diabetic kidney disease.