VEGFA and malignant colon neoplasm: The mechanism was that knockdown of protein 4.1R upregulated VEGFA secreted by M2 macrophages and activated the PI3K/AKT pathway, which inhibited the immune effect of M2 macrophages and promoted the proliferation, migration, invasion, etc., affecting the process of colon cancer development and progression, and is a potential therapeutic target for colon cancer [38].