Following stratification of patients according to the clinical phenotype at the time of diagnosis (clinically isolated syndrome: CIS; primary progressive MS: PPMS; relapsing-remitting MS: RRMS) we found that the serum expression levels of CXCL9, IFNα2, TSLP, CCL24, and CCL22 were increased in CIS patients compared to RRMS patients (Figure 3). The gene discussed is CCL22; the disease is primary progressive multiple sclerosis.