Following stratification of patients according to the clinical phenotype at the time of diagnosis (clinically isolated syndrome: CIS; primary progressive MS: PPMS; relapsing-remitting MS: RRMS) we found that the serum expression levels of CXCL9, IFNα2, TSLP, CCL24, and CCL22 were increased in CIS patients compared to RRMS patients (Figure 3). Here, CCL22 is linked to Down syndrome.