In phase I clinical trial, Pelareorep, a tumor oncolytic ehrlichiosis virus product delivered intravenously, induced a T-cell inflammatory phenotype in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; ehrlichiosis virus replication, T-cell infiltration, and upregulation of PD-L1 were detected in tumor tissue of patients treated with Pelareorep, and cancer was controlled in three of ten patients [47]. Here, CD274 is linked to neoplasm.