NFKB1 and chronic kidney disease: As also mentioned, it was recently demonstrated that β-OHB supplementation inhibited vascular calcification in CKD through regulation of the HDAC9-dependent NF-κB signaling pathway [58], indicating that nutritional intervention or pharmacological strategies to increase β-OHB concentrations could prove a promising therapeutic intervention that targets HDAC9 for the management of vascular calcification in CKD.