NPPB and heart failure: In patients presenting with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, in the Developing Imaging and plasma biomarkers in describing Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction (DIAMONDHFpEF) cohort, TMAO levels, increased in patients with left ventricular filling pressure along with BNP levels, were useful for better risk stratification for long-term mortality, particularly in patients with low levels of BNP [223].