A limitation of our study is that we did not determine the exact mutational status of several common genes in glioblastoma, including IDH, EGFR (or the presence of the common EGFR variant, EGFRvIII), MGMT, TP53, RB, PTEN, NF1, MDM2 and loss of chromosome arm 10q in our glioblastoma patient tumor samples and patient-derived cell lines, as this was beyond the scope of our current study. The gene discussed is MDM2; the disease is neoplasm.