These authors suggest that the induction of poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 (PARP-1) may be a more relevant mediator of pancreatic β-cell loss in T1DM models [56], by decreasing NAD+ availability, thereby suppressing the sirtuin-induced PDC and mitochondrial OXPHOS. The gene discussed is PARP1; the disease is type 1 diabetes mellitus.