As the gut is proposed to be an important site for the inappropriate maintenance of autoreactive memory CD8+ T cells, whereby autoimmune-linked autoreactive CD8+ T cells may interact in the Peyer’s patches of the gut to escape thymic deselection [159], the effects of enteroviruses and bacteriophages in T1DM pathoetiology may be mediated via suppressed Akkermansia muciniphila levels and shikimate pathway activity. Here, CD8A is linked to type 1 diabetes mellitus.