MAPT and Cognitive impairment: For the development of DNR and pNCD, the type and depth of anesthesia are important, and among the pathophysiological mechanisms that determine the relationship between postoperative cognitive disorders and anesthesia, it is necessary to highlight mitochondrial dysfunctions, increased inflammatory and apoptotic processes in neurons, hyperphosphorylation of the tau protein, and also the accumulation of β-amyloid proteins and the formation of their aggregates [324,325,326,327].