Moreover, in a mouse model of T2DM, rosiglitazone increased the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and induced synaptic plasticity by enhancing long-term potentiation at the hippocampal synapses; the transient transfection of a constitutively active form of PPARγ induced the increased expression of BDNF and ionotropic AMPA and NMDA glutamate receptors and promoted dendritic spine formation [82]. The gene discussed is BDNF; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.