PDX1 and Hyperglycemia: Additionally, these two drugs were given to hyperglycemic ZDF diabetic rats, both of which prevented a rise of blood markers of oxidative stress (8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine and malondialdehyde + 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal) and partially prevented hyperglycemia, glucose intolerance, and defective insulin secretion as well as decrements in cell insulin content, insulin gene expression and PDX-1 binding of the insulin gene promoter.