TNF and major depressive disorder: Investigation of the effect of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei strain Shirota (LcS) on constipation in patients with depression with specific etiology and gut microbiota and on depressive regimens by microbiota compositional analyses were performed on the V3–V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene and measured on the serum inflammatory factors: interleukins IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α