Several key fibrogenesis-related molecules have been identified in adenomyosis lesions, including TGF-β1, phosphorylated Smad3, oxytocin receptor (OXTR), and notch receptor 1 (Notch1), along with increased expression of inflammatory mediators (e.g., IL-1β, IL-6/JAK2/STAT3, corticotropin-releasing hormone [CRH]) and neurogenic (e.g., nerve growth factor [NGF]) [32,34,35]. Here, SMAD3 is linked to adenomyosis.