Conversely, apart from a significant difference in estrogen and progesterone levels between the follicular and luteal phases, no significant differences were observed between the two menstrual cycle phases with regards to the serum insulin, cortisol, growth hormone, glycerol, non-esterified fatty acids, lactate, or even lipid and carbohydrate oxidation rate and glucose utilization during maintained hyperglycemia (clamped blood glucose at 10 mM) throughout submaximal exercise (60% VO2 peak) [43]. Here, INS is linked to Hyperglycemia.