Peptidylprolyl isomerase A (PPIA), a chaperone protein and regulator of TDP-43 trafficking and function, is significantly lower in plasma-derived EVs of fast-progressing ALS patients compared to the slow-progressing form of the disease, suggesting it may serve as a predictor of ALS disease progression [132]. The gene discussed is TARDBP; the disease is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.