Such a benefic effect was mimicked by istradefylline, which is a selective adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) antagonist that is currently used in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease (PD) [39], and by other AR antagonists, indicating that caffeine acts, at least in part, by blocking a putative AR in the nematode [18]. The gene discussed is AR; the disease is Parkinson disease.