TNF and COVID-19: Increased levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukins (ILs) 2, 7, and 10, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha, and interferon-inducible protein 10, in the plasma of COVID-19 patients, particularly in ICU patients, suggested a cytokine storm had taken place [18], with many interleukin 6, pathogenic T cells, and inflammatory monocytes triggering inflammatory storms.