S. saprophyticus virulence in in vitro and rat UTI model is based on the following components: Secreted surface-associated proteins Aas (hemagglutinin) and Ssp (lipase), the proteins UafA of cell wall, SdrI, SssF, and UafB, which mediate adherence, and the ureases [30]. Here, FGD1 is linked to bacterial urinary tract infection.