In another study conducted in Italy, circulating NOx production was increased in diabetes patients with MetS, as defined using the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria, as well as those with high TAG/HDL-C index [21], which may be secondary to the over-stimulation of inducible NOS (iNOS) mRNA in the pancreatic islets and elevated glycosylation end products [34]. This evidence concerns the gene NOS2 and diabetes mellitus.