VEGFA and nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma: Several anti-angiogenic therapies are available to disrupt the VEGF signaling axis in metastatic ccRCC including bevacizumab [110,111], a monoclonal antibody that targets VEGFA and sunitinib [112], sorafenib [113], and tyrosine-kinase inhibitors (TKIs) target VEGFR2.