Mice bearing B16-C10 tumors were treated with PBS, a mix of anti-PD-L1 and anti-CTLA-4 antibodies (ICI), oBHV + ICI, MMC + ICI, or the triple combination MMC + oBHV + ICI, as shown in Figure 3A. ICI alone failed to control tumor growth reflecting the immune “coldness” of the B16-C10 model (Figure 3B). Here, CTLA4 is linked to neoplasm.