AR and prostate cancer: In order to evaluate the effect of VNPP433-3β on AR, we examined the levels of full-length AR (f-AR) and its splice-variant AR-V7 in LNCaP (androgen-dependent human prostate adenocarcinoma cells that do not express AR-V7) and CWR-R1 and CWR22Rv1 (castration-resistant, androgen-independent human prostate cancer cell lines that express AR-V7) following treatment with varying concentrations of VNPP433-3β (0.6, 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, 15, 20 μM) for 72 h.