Further peptides that were included in the 181 Biomarker model and were also associated with disease progression originated from C-X-C motif chemokine 16 protein, protein S100-A9, matrix Gla Protein, fibrinogen alpha and fractalkine, confirmed with same trend of expression (i.e., elevated in PCa, or as disease progresses). Here, S100A9 is linked to posterior cortical atrophy.