ERN1 and colorectal carcinoma: In addition, we found that the activation of the IRE1A/XBP-1 arm of the unfolded protein response (UPR) by hypoxia results in repression of miR-34a and thereby mediates hypoxia-induced EMT, migration, invasion, and chemo-resistance in p53 mutated/deficient CRC lines and ultimately contributes to lung metastasis formation.