IQGAP3 and urinary bladder carcinoma: The activation of ERK mediated by IQGAP3 was found in gastric cancer [47], breast cancer [72,73], lung cancer [44], and bladder cancer [43], which is more likely achieved through the interaction between IQGAP3 and RAS, while IQGAP2 had no effect on the Ras activity within cells [45].