PDCD1 and cancer: During last 30 years, seminal publications and subsequent studies by James Allison and Tasuku Honjo, both receiving the 2018 Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine [118], fostered a large wealth of studies in preclinical models and clinical trials on the use of CTLA-4 (CD152) and PD-1/PD-L1 (CD279/CD274) immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in cancer therapy.