PDCD1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Miyawaki et al. retrospectively analyzed 157 patients with NSCLC treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors + chemotherapy or pembrolizumab monotherapy and showed that cancer cachexia, elevated tumor burden, and low PD-L1 expression were independently associated with poor PFS; furthermore, cancer cachexia was significantly associated with poor OS.