Interestingly, significantly increased ABCC1 was also recorded in the DT-D458-CIS and DT-D283-CIS lines compared to vehicle-control lines (DT-D458-DMF and DT-D283-DMF), despite cisplatin being a non-ABCC1 substrate; perhaps indicative of a function of ABCC1 in therapy resistance and/or cell survival independent of its role in cytotoxic drug efflux [28]. Here, ABCC1 is linked to in situ carcinoma.