In a multivariable Cox model, after adjusting for confounders, there was no increase in the risk for new or recurrent cancer after vedolizumab (HR 1.38; 95% CI 0.38–1.36) or anti-TNF (HR 1.03; 95% CI 0.65–1.64) therapy compared to foregoing the use of an immunomodulator. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and cancer.