In a mouse model of vancomycin (VAN)-induced transition of acute kidney injury (AKI) to chronic kidney disease (CKD), HIPK2 overexpression, mediated by the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 pathway, was identified as a key regulatory mechanism [83]. Here, STAT3 is linked to acute kidney injury.